Why Do Ostrich Eat Stones?

The ostrich is a strange bird. It eats stones because it is a greedy bird. It’s main food consists of plant, seeds and berries but in order to digest these, ostrich eats stones.

The ostrich is found mainly in Africa and is the biggest bird in the world. It weighs nearly 130kg. Since it has small wings it cannot fly, these wings only help to maintain the balance when it is running.

Ostrich has scanty hair on its heard and neck. The ostrich lays the largest eggs. Each egg measures 15 to 18 cms in length and 12 to 15 cm in diameter. It is considered to be the fastest running bird in the world.

It can travel 80 kms per hour and run approximately 1 km at a stretch.

 

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The Ostrich, Struthio camelus, is a large flightless bird native to Africa (and formerly the Middle East). It is the only living species of its family, Struthionidae and its genus, Struthio. Ostriches share the order Struthioniformes with the Emu, kiwis, and other ratites. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at maximum speeds of about 45mph (72km/h, the top land speed of any bird).[3] The Ostrich is the largest living species of bird and lays the largest egg of any bird.

The diet of the Ostrich mainly consists of plant matter, though it also eats insects. It lives in nomadic groups which contain between five and fifty birds. When threatened, the Ostrich will either hide itself by lying flat against the ground, or will run away. If cornered, it can attack with a kick from its powerful legs. Mating patterns differ by geographical region, but territorial males fight for a harem of two to seven females.

The Ostrich is farmed around the world, particularly for its feathers, which are decorative and are also used for feather dusters. Its skin is used for leather and its meat marketed commercially.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich

Why Chimpanzee Are Considered To Be A Special Type Of Monkeys?

Since chimpanzee is the most intelligent of all the monkeys, they are considered to be a special type of monkeys.

They belong to the highest order of mammals known as primates. They have no tail. They have thirteen paris of ribs. When they grow old their hair becomes grey and the skin turns dusky. They are mostly found in Central African forests.

Chimpanzee can easily be captured and kept in zoos. Chimpanzee are very emotional and have a language by which they communicate with each other.

 

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Chimpanzee, sometimes colloquially chimp, is the common name for the two extant species of ape in the genus Pan where the Congo River forms the boundary between the native habitat of the two species:[2]

    * Common Chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes: the better known chimpanzee lives primarily in West and Central Africa.
    * Bonobo, Pan paniscus: also known as the "Pygmy Chimpanzee or Bonzi Chimpanzee", this species is found in the forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Chimpanzees are members of the Hominidae family, along with gorillas, humans, and orangutans. Chimpanzee are thought to have split from human evolution about 6 million years ago and thus the two chimpanzee species are the closest living relatives to humans, all being members of the Hominini tribe (along with extinct species of Hominina subtribe). Chimpanzees are the only known members of the Panina subtribe. The two Pan species split only about one million years ago.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee

Why Did Dinosaurs Become Extinct?

Dinosaurs were considered to be the biggest of all the animals ever came on earth. Though they were huge still, they didn’t develop a good brain. They didn’t know how to survive and save themselves from their enemies. Some scientists even believe that they disappeared due to climate changes, even the swamps dried up and they couldn’t live on vegetation since most of these dinosaurs were vegetation.

Their food supply also disappeared. The earth started having seasons which were not fit for dinosaurs survival. So, dinosaurs could not survive.

 

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Dinosaurs (Greek: δεινόσαυρος, deinosauros) were the dominant vertebrate animals of terrestrial ecosystems for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period (about 230 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous period (65 million years ago), when most of them became extinct in the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event. The 10000 living species of birds may be classified as dinosaurs.

The term "dinosaur" was coined in 1842 by Sir Richard Owen and derives from Greek δεινός (deinos) "terrible, powerful, wondrous" + σαῦρος (sauros) "lizard". It is sometimes used informally to describe other prehistoric reptiles, such as the pelycosaur Dimetrodon, the winged pterosaurs, and the aquatic ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, although none of these animals were dinosaurs. Through the first half of the 20th century, most of the scientific community believed dinosaurs to have been slow, unintelligent cold-blooded animals. Most research conducted since the 1970s, however, has supported the view that dinosaurs were active animals with elevated metabolisms and numerous adaptations for social interaction. The resulting transformation in the scientific understanding of dinosaurs has gradually filtered into popular consciousness.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur

Why Do Carnivores Animals Like Salt?

Since land animals have descended from the creatures living in the sea their body fluid is still the same as before, moving to the land. As they cannot obtain salt from plants or land so they require more salt. It’s the herbivores like giraffe and mouflon etc. need more salt for the plants do not contain much salt as they are drained away by the rain water.

Carnivores animals get the salt from the body fluid of their prey. Their tongues get sore; for healing salt is rubbed on their tongues.

 

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A carnivore (pronounced /ˈkɑrnɪvɔər/), meaning 'meat eater' (Latin carne meaning 'flesh' and vorare meaning 'to devour'), is an animal that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of vertebrate and/or invertebrate animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.[1][2] Animals that depend solely on animal flesh for their nutrient requirements are considered obligate carnivores while those that also consume non-animal food are considered facultative carnivores.[2] Omnivores too consume both animal and non-animal food, and apart from the more general definition, there is no clearly defined ratio of plant to animal material that would distinguish a facultative carnivore from an omnivore, or an omnivore from a facultative herbivore, for that matter.[3] A carnivore that sits at the top of the foodchain is an apex predator.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivores

Why Are The Rhinos (Rhinoceros) Endangered?

Some animal species have become extinct because they were less successful than other species, which gradually replaced them. But the number of rhinoceros has reduce due to hunting.

Poaching or illegal hunting has reduced drastically the number of black rhinos. Most of them are surviving and are conserved in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

The rhino is hunted specially for its horn. The rhino horn can grow up to 62 inches and fetches a good price when sold, thus making the animal endangered.

 

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Rhinoceros (pronounced /raɪˈnɒsərəs/), often colloquially abbreviated rhino, is a name used to group five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to southern Asia. Three of the five species—the Javan, Sumatran and Black Rhinoceros—are critically endangered. The Indian is endangered, with fewer than 2,700 individuals remaining in the wild. The White is registered as "vulnerable", with approximately 17,500 remaining in the wild, as reported by the International Rhino Foundation.[1][2] The Rhinoceros Beetle is named as such due to its horns, which simulate rhino's horns.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros

Why Do Giraffes Have Long Necks?

The Giraffe is the tallest among all living animals. The strange shape has made the giraffe perfectly suitable to obtain its food.

A giraffe eats only the leaves of the plants, so its height enables it to reach the leaves on trees which grow in tropical lands where there is less grass. A giraffe’s tongue is often a foot and half long which it can use skillfully to pick the smallest leaves from the thorny plants without being pricked.

It also has a long upper lip, which helps it to wrench off many leaves at a time. If the giraffe wants to drink water from the ground, it adopts a peculiar style of spreading its legs far apart, so that it can reach down easily.

 

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The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species, and the largest ruminant. It is covered in large, irregular patches of yellow to black fur separated by white, off-white, or dark yellowish brown background. The average mass for an adult male giraffe is 1,191 kilograms (2,630 lb) while the average mass for an adult female is 828 kilograms (1,830 lb).[3][4] It is approximately 4.3 metres (14 ft) to 5.2 metres (17 ft) tall, although the tallest male recorded stood almost 6 metres (20 ft).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraffes

Why Did Australia Recruit The Army To Destroy Emu?

Emu is the second largest bird in the world after the ostrich in Australia. It is 1.8 meters in height. They can travel 1,000 km in one year.

They are considered to be nomads or wandering species, who move from one place to another.

They cause heavy destruction to the crops in the field.

Thus, in the year 1932, the state of Western Australia took the help of an army machine gun and destroyed them. Each time they fired, these birds got scattered and soon after a month, the so called ‘The Emu War’ was abandoned.

 

The Emu info from Wikipedia (Read More):-

The Emu (pronounced /ˈiːmjuː/[4][5]), Dromaius novaehollandiae, is the largest bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the genus Dromaius. It is also the second-largest extant bird in the world by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. The soft-feathered, brown, flightless bird reach up to 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. The Emu is common over most of mainland Australia, although it avoids heavily populated areas, dense forest, and arid areas.[2] Emus can travel great distances at a fast, economical trot and, if necessary, can sprint at 50 km/h (31 mph) for some distance at a time.[2] They are opportunistically nomadic and may travel long distances to find food; they feed on a variety of plants and insects.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu

Why Do Birds Have Excellent Vision?

All birds have a dominant sense of vision. In most of them, the eyes are placed so far to the side of the head that they have monocular vision, that is each eye can scan a separate area. This is an essential feature shared by all hunting creatures who depend on their vision to beware of possible danger.

Birds of prey and owls have eyes set more to the front of the head, giving a more binocular vision to judge distances. Birds also have a third eyelid, which moves sideways across the cornea and keeps it moist without interrupting their vision.

 

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Vision is the most important sense for birds, since good eyesight is essential for safe flight, and this group has a number of adaptations which give visual acuity superior to that of other vertebrate groups; a pigeon has been described as "two eyes with wings".[1] The avian eye resembles that of a reptile, but has a better-positioned lens, a feature shared with mammals. Birds have the largest eyes relative to their size within the animal kingdom, and movement is consequently limited within the eye's bony socket.[1] In addition to the two eyelids usually found in vertebrates, it is protected by a third transparent movable membrane. The eye's internal anatomy is similar to that of other vertebrates, but has a structure, the pecten oculi, unique to birds.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_vision

Why Do Birds Sing?

The song of birds is one of the loveliest gifts of nature. When birds sing, they are, in fact, communicating with each other. Of course, they sometimes sing as expressions of joy.

When wild birds migrate at night, they cry out. These cries keep the birds together and help the lost ones to return to the flock.

Birds don’t learn to sing, it is an inborn instinct. Some birds do learn the songs of other birds. For example, a parrot can imitate the sound which it hears.

 

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Birds (class Aves) are winged, bipedal, endothermic (warm-blooded), vertebrate animals that lay eggs. There are around 10,000 living species, making them the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 3 m (10 ft) Ostrich. The fossil record indicates that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic period, around 150–200 Ma (million years ago), and the earliest known bird is the Late Jurassic Archaeopteryx, c 155–150 Ma. Most paleontologists regard birds as the only clade of dinosaurs that survived the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event approximately 65.5 Ma.

Many species undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter irregular movements. Birds are social; they communicate using visual signals and through calls and songs, and participate in social behaviours including cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, but rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are polygynous ("many females") or, rarely, polyandrous ("many males"). Eggs are usually laid in a nest and incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds

Why Does The Peacock Raise Its Feathers?

The display of peacock’s tail feather is one of the most spectacular sights. Greeks and Romans considered the peacock as a sacred bird. The male peacock displays its gorgeous plumage for its female, the peahen.

A peacock is 7 to 8 feet long, out of which the tail is of 3 to 4 feet. At regular intervals, there are ‘eyes’, which change colour. The longer tail, is raised and held up by the stiff quills of the shorter, true tail.

 

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The term peafowl can refer to the two species of bird in the genus Pavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. The African Congo Peafowl is placed in its own genus Afropavo. Peafowl are best known for the male's extravagant tail feathers, which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen[1], though it is common to hear the female also referred to as a "peacock."

The two species are:

    * Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus is a resident breeder in the Indian subcontinent. The peacock is designated as the national bird of India.

    * Green Peafowl, Pavo muticus breeds from Burma east to Java. The IUCN lists the Green Peafowl as vulnerable to extinction due to hunting and a reduction in extent and quality of habitat.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacock

Why Can’t The Fish Survive Out Of Water?

Fishes are adapted in such a way that they can breathe underwater. They have gills on each side of their head. These gills carry tiny blood vessels.

The fish gulp in water though their mouths and pass it out through the gills. The gills extract oxygen from the water and pass it into the fish’s blood. Thus, the fish gills have the same function as the lungs but they cannot work without water and, hence, fish cannot survive outside water.

 

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A fish is any aquatic vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic (or cold-blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Fish are abundant in the sea and in fresh water, with species being known from mountain streams (e.g., char and gudgeon) as well as in the deepest depths of the ocean (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish).

Food prepared from fish is also called fish, and it is an important food source for humans. They are harvested either from wild fisheries (see fishing) or farmed in much the same way as cattle or chickens (see aquaculture). They are also exploited by recreational fishers and fishkeepers, and are exhibited in public aquaria. Fish have had a role in many cultures through the ages, ranging from deities and religious symbols to the subjects of books and popular movies.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish

Why Are The Coral Reefs Protected?

Coral Reefs are the marine form of rain forests. They provide shelter to thousands of species of fish and invertebrates, all living in a complex balance, which make the reef system an extremely stable environment as long as man does not intervene.

Marine biologists spend a lot of time studying the reef and make valuable discoveries. Coral reefs always face the threats of extinction. Thus, people must be educated and made aware of these reefs throughout the world.

 

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Coral reefs are aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in marine waters containing few nutrients. In most reefs, the predominant organisms are stony corals, colonial cnidarians that secrete an exoskeleton of calcium carbonate. The accumulation of skeletal material, broken and piled up by wave action and bioeroders, produces a calcareous formation that supports the living corals and a great variety of other animal and plant life.

Coral reefs most commonly live in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water corals exist on a much smaller scale.

Globally, coral reefs are under threat from climate change, ocean acidification, overuse of reef resources, and harmful land-use practices. High nutrient levels such as those found in runoff from agricultural areas can harm reefs by encouraging excess algae growth.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_Reefs

Why Do Bats Fly Only At Night?

Bats are small winged creatures and doesn’t need sunlight. They swoop at night between houses and plants with surprising speed, catching the inserts.

They avoid all kinds of obstacles by quick deliberate movements. A sixth sense guides them at night and helps them to ‘see’ the dangers and avoid them in time. This sixth sense works like our modern radar. As the bat flies, it emits a series of very shrill sounds.

When some obstacle gets in its way, these ultrasonic sounds are bounced back within fraction of a second. the bat hears, recognizes, calculates and keeps the obstacle away with a flap of it’s wings.

 

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Bats are mammals in the order Chiroptera (pronounced /kaɪˈrɒptərə/). The forelimbs of bats are developed as wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of flight (opposed to other mammals, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums and colugos, that glide only for a distance). Bats do not flap arms like birds, instead they flap spread out hands where their fingers[2] are very long and covered with a thin membrane or patagium. Chiroptera comes from two Greek words cheir (χειρ) "hand" and pteron (πτερον) "wing."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bats

Why Does The Chameleon Often Change Its Colour?

A close relative of the lizard, chameleons are found in the whole of Africa and in some parts of Asia. It can grow up to a length of 60 cms. The most striking thing about the chameleon is the speed with which it can change its colour from white to yellow, to black, to green or to brown.

These changes occur due to the change of light and temperature of its surroundings and the condition of the animal. The chameleon does not need to camouflage because when it is hunting, it is able to deceive its prey by remaining perfectly still on a branch for hours.

It very easily catches its prey over long distances because of its sticky tongue, which can dart out up to 10 cms. Its large prominent eyes can turn 180° and each eye can move independently making it an expert hunter.

 

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The family Chamaeleonidae are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of lizards. They are distinguished by their parrot-like zygodactylous feet, their separately mobile and stereoscopic eyes, their very long, highly modified, and rapidly extrudable tongues, their swaying gait, and the possession by many of a prehensile tail, crests or horns on their distinctively shaped heads, and the ability of some to change color. Uniquely adapted for climbing and visual hunting, the approximately 160 species of chameleon range from Africa, Madagascar, Spain and Portugal, across south Asia, to Sri Lanka, have been introduced to Hawaii and California, and are found in warm habitats that vary from rain forest to desert conditions.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chameleon

Why Do The Salmons Go Upstream To Spawn?

The instinct that takes the Salmon on the long trip upstream is the fact that they go to a sort of headquarters of a stream to Spawn. This helps a new Salmon to be born and grow.

When the Salmons enter fresh water, they are in better condition, but as soon as they reach the fresh water, they stop feeding.

They often search for an exact place to deposit their eggs. The young Salmons remain in fresh water for about an year and then descend from the streams and enter the salt water. Hence, the cycle begins all over again.

 

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Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the family are called trout; the difference is often attributed to the migratory life of the salmon as compared to the residential behaviour of trout, a distinction that holds true for the Salmo genus. Salmon live in both the Atlantic (one migratory species Salmo salar) and Pacific Oceans, as well as the Great Lakes (approximately a dozen species of the genus Oncorhynchus).

Typically, salmon are anadromous: they are born in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. However, there are rare species that can only survive in fresh water habitats. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they were born to spawn; tracking studies have shown this to be true but the nature of how this memory works has long been debated.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon

Why Do We Find A Lot Of Snails Usually After Rain?

After a shower of rain, many snails come out among the grass and bushes.

They can be seen moving slowly among the wet vegetation. Snails need a great deal of moisture for their active life and that is why they come out after rain, but retire to their shells and bury themselves in the ground during periods of drought.

In winters, they hibernate after sealing the opening of the shell with a plug of sticky material, which keeps them away from the cold. As snails need a good amount of moisture, they also come out early in the morning when there are dew drops on the ground.

 

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The word snail is a common name for almost all members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word snail is used in a general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails.

Snails lacking a shell or having only a very small one are usually called slugs. Snails that have a broadly conical shell that is not coiled or appears not to be coiled are usually known as limpets.

Snails can be found in a wide range of environments from ditches, deserts, and the abyssal depths of the sea. Although most people are familiar with terrestrial snails, land snails are in the minority. Marine snails have much greater diversity and a greater biomass. The great majority of snail species are marine. Numerous kinds can be found in fresh water and even brackish water. Many snails are herbivorous, though a few land species and many marine species are omnivores or predatory carnivores.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snails

Why Are Some Frogs Poisonous?

All frogs are not poisonous, but some of them have a kind of venom, which they use when they are attacked by predators.

The common toad exudes poison through its skin if it is attacked. Cave toads contain a drug that can cause hallucinations if these are eaten.

The skin of some frogs and toads contains poisons, which are among the most powerful known to the humans.

 

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Many frogs contain mild toxins that make them unpalatable to potential predators. For example, all toads have large poison glands—the parotoid glands—located behind the eyes on the top of the head. Some frogs, such as some poison dart frogs, are especially toxic. The chemical makeup of toxins in frogs varies from irritants to hallucinogens, convulsants, nerve poisons, and vasoconstrictors. Many predators of frogs have adapted to tolerate high levels of these poisons. Others, including humans, may be severely affected.

Some frogs obtain poisons from the ants and other arthropods they eat;[8] others, such as the Australian Corroboree Frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree and Pseudophryne pengilleyi), can manufacture an alkaloid not derived from their diet.[9] Some native people of South America extract poison from the poison dart frogs and apply it to their darts for hunting,[10] although few species are toxic enough to be used for this purpose. It was previously a misconception the poison was placed on arrows rather than darts. The common name of these frogs was thus changed from "poison arrow frog" to "poison dart frog" in the early 1980s. Poisonous frogs tend to advertise their toxicity with bright colours, an adaptive strategy known as aposematism. There are at least two non-poisonous species of frogs in tropical America (Eleutherodactylus gaigei and Lithodytes lineatus) that mimic the colouration of dart poison frogs' coloration for self-protection (Batesian mimicry).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogs

Why Do Some Insects Have Bright Colours?

 

 

Insects try to protect themselves from their enemies in many different ways. Some insects like wasps and ants have powerful stings or shower poisonous fluid on the enemies.

The housefly doesn’t sting, but since its colour resembles a wasp or a bee, its enemies are wary of it. Stick insects use camouflage. They look like the leaves and twigs among which they feed. The bright colours of some insects warn their enemies that they may be poisonous.

 

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The Phasmatodea (sometimes called Phasmida) are an order of insects, whose members are variously known as stick insects (in Europe and Australasia), walking sticks or stick-bugs (in the United States), phasmids, ghost insects and leaf insects (generally the family Phylliidae). The ordinal name is derived from the Greek "phasma" meaning an apparition or phantom, and refers to the resemblance of many species to sticks or leaves. Their natural camouflage can make them extremely difficult to spot.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick_insects

Why Is The Ladybird Useful To Gardeners or Farmers?

Beatles are among the most harmful insects, but one exception in this family is the charming ladybird with seven spots and bright red wing-case.

It is shaped like an egg which has been cut in half length wise. Ladybird is very fond of aphid or greenfly, which attacks roses and is thus a great friend of gardeners and farmers.

Even the eggs of ladybird are deposited on plants so that when the tiny lady birds hatch out, they will feed on the greenfly. The life cycle of lady birds are only just over a month, hence in once season, several generations of ladybirds are born.

 

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Coccinellidae is a family of beetles, known variously as ladybirds (British English, Australian English, South African English), ladybugs (North American English) or lady beetles (preferred by some scientists). Lesser-used names include ladyclock, lady cow, and lady fly.[1]

They are small insects, ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm (0.04 to 0.4 inches), and are commonly yellow, orange, or scarlet with small black spots on their wing covers, with black legs, head and antennae. A very large number of species are mostly or entirely black, grey, or brown and may be difficult for non-entomologists to recognize as coccinellids (and, conversely, there are many small beetles that are easily mistaken as such, like tortoise beetles).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladybirds

Why Are The Spiders Not Insects?

Spiders belong to the class of arachnids like the scorpions and mites. Unlike the insects, they have eight legs, eight eyes and in most cases, no wings and only two, not three, parts to their bodies.

Spiders are found everywhere in every kind of climate. They manufacture a silk with which they spin this web.

At the tip of its abdomen, there are spinning organs having holes. The silk is forced out through these holes, which becomes solid as soon as it comes in contact with air. Spiders are meat eaters, feed on insects and other spiders, which get trapped in their web.

 

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Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods that have eight legs, and chelicerae modified into fangs that inject venom. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other groups of organisms[1]. Spiders are found world-wide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every ecological niche with the exception of air and sea colonization. As of 2008, approximately 40,000 spider species, and 109 families have been recorded by taxonomists.[2] However, there has been confusion within the scientific community as to how all these genera should be classified, as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider